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OpenAI Launches GPT-5 Models
After years of anticipation, OpenAI has officially unveiled a new series of large language models (LLMs), featuring various sizes of GPT-5, the much-anticipated successor to the GPT-4 model released in March 2023. The company is introducing four distinct versions: GPT-5, GPT-5 Mini, GPT-5 Nano, and GPT-5 Pro, each tailored to meet different requirements for speed, cost, and computational depth.
Model Overview
GPT-5 serves as the full-capability reasoning model, utilized in both ChatGPT and OpenAI’s application programming interface (API) for high-quality general tasks. The GPT-5 Pro variant enhances this model with extended reasoning capabilities and parallel computation during testing, making it suitable for complex enterprise and research environments. It delivers more detailed and reliable responses, particularly in ambiguous or multi-step queries.
The GPT-5 Mini is a smaller, faster version optimized for lower latency and reduced resource consumption. It is designed to be used when usage limits are reached or when minimal reasoning is sufficient. Meanwhile, GPT-5 Nano is the most lightweight variant, engineered for speed and efficiency in high-volume or cost-sensitive applications. It retains reasoning capabilities but operates on a smaller scale, making it ideal for mobile, embedded, or latency-constrained deployments.
Transition to GPT-5
GPT-5 will soon be the exclusive model powering ChatGPT, replacing all previous models for its 700 million weekly users. However, ChatGPT Pro subscribers, who pay $200 per month, will still have the option to select older models for the next 60 days. Reports indicate that OpenAI has transitioned from allowing users to manually switch models to an automated router that engages a special “GPT-5 thinking” mode for deeper reasoning, which may take longer for more complex queries, or utilizes the standard GPT-5 or Mini models for simpler tasks.
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In the API, the reasoning-focused models—GPT-5, GPT-5 Mini, and GPT-5 Nano—are available as gpt-5, gpt-5-mini, and gpt-5-nano, respectively. Currently, GPT-5 Pro is not accessible via the API, as it is exclusively used to power ChatGPT for Pro tier subscribers.
The Release of GPT-OSS
The launch of GPT-5 coincides with OpenAI’s release of new, free open-source LLMs under the name GPT-oss, which can be downloaded, customized, and used offline by individuals and developers on consumer devices like PCs and laptops.
The Future of AGI
The most significant takeaway may not be what GPT-5 is, but rather what it is not: AGI, or artificial general intelligence. OpenAI has set the goal of creating an autonomous AI system that outperforms humans in most economically valuable tasks. Whether readers believe such a system is achievable or desirable, OpenAI’s declaration of AGI would have substantial business implications. Reports suggest that OpenAI’s contract with Microsoft includes a clause allowing OpenAI to charge Microsoft for access to its latest models or deny access if the company determines it has achieved AGI or generated over $100 billion in profit.
However, as co-founder and CEO Sam Altman stated in a recent video call with reporters, “the way that most of us define AGI, we’re still missing something quite important—many things that are quite important, actually—but one big one is a model that continuously learns as it’s deployed, and GPT-5 does not.”
In a direct inquiry to OpenAI, I asked, “Is OpenAI considering GPT-5 AGI? Will it trigger any changes regarding Microsoft negotiations?” An OpenAI spokesperson replied via email: “GPT-5 is a significant step toward AGI in that it shows substantial improvements in reasoning and generalization, bringing us closer to systems that can perform a wide range of tasks with human-level capability. However, AGI is still a weakly defined term and means different things to different people. While GPT-5 meets some early criteria for AGI, it doesn’t yet reach the threshold of fully human-level AGI. There are still key limitations in areas like persistent memory, autonomy, and adaptability across tasks. Our focus remains on advancing these capabilities safely, rather than speculating on specific timelines.”